1. Geographical Location and Structure :
Situated in Arafat :
Masjid al-Nimrah is located in the plains of Arafat, a few kilometers from the
center of Mount Arafat (Jabal al-Rahmah). Arafat is a vital site during Hajj, as pilgrims must spend
time there on the Day of Arafah to complete their pilgrimage.
Size and Capacity :
Masjid al-Nimrah is one of the largest mosques in the region, covering a vast area
that can accommodate hundreds of thousands of pilgrims. The mosque is divided into two sections, with a
significant part of it extending into the boundaries of Arafat.
Modern Structure :
The mosque has undergone numerous renovations and expansions to accommodate the
increasing number of Hajj pilgrims. It features minarets, a large prayer hall, and outdoor areas where
pilgrims gather during the Day of Arafah.
2. Historical Background :
Prophet Muhammad’s Farewell Sermon :
Masjid al-Nimrah is historically significant because it is believed
to be the location where Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) delivered his Farewell Sermon during his
last Hajj in the 10th year of Hijrah (632 CE). This sermon, also known as Khutbah al-Wada', is one of
the most important addresses in Islamic history, containing profound teachings on equality, justice,
human rights, and the fundamentals of Islam.
Significance of the Farewell Sermon :
In his sermon, the Prophet emphasized the equality of all people,
regardless of their race or background, and called for respecting the rights of others, including women
and the vulnerable. He stressed the importance of adhering to the Qur'an and Sunnah as the ultimate
guidance for Muslims.
Historical Construction :
Masjid al-Nimrah’s initial construction dates back to the early Islamic period,
but it has seen extensive expansion over the centuries to serve the large number of pilgrims who visit
Arafat during Hajj.
3. Religious Significance of Masjid al-Nimrah :
Connection to the Day of Arafah :
The Day of Arafah (9th day of the Islamic month of Dhu al-Hijjah) is
one of the holiest days in the Islamic calendar and is a critical part of the Hajj pilgrimage. On this
day, pilgrims gather in Arafat from dhuhr (midday) to maghrib (sunset) to perform the ritual of Wuquf
(standing in Arafat), which is considered the climax of Hajj.
Khutbah of Arafah :
The Imam of Masjid al-Nimrah delivers a sermon known as the Khutbah of Arafah to the
assembled pilgrims. This sermon, modeled after the Prophet’s Farewell Sermon, addresses the importance
of repentance, gratitude to Allah, and maintaining the unity and solidarity of the Muslim community.
Prayer and Wuquf :
During the Day of Arafah, pilgrims pray dhuhr and asr prayers combined and shortened
at Masjid al-Nimrah, following the Sunnah of the Prophet. The Wuquf in Arafat is the most essential part
of Hajj, as the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said, "Hajj is Arafah." Standing in Arafat
symbolizes a spiritual encounter with Allah, seeking forgiveness and mercy.
4. Role During Hajj :
Gathering Point for Pilgrims :
Masjid al-Nimrah serves as a central gathering point for the millions of
pilgrims who converge on Arafat during Hajj. The mosque provides a place for prayer, listening to the
Khutbah, and resting while in the sacred area of Arafat.
Area of the Mosque :
It is essential to note that not all parts of Masjid al-Nimrah are located within
the official boundary of Arafat. Pilgrims must ensure that they perform Wuquf within the Arafat boundary
to fulfill the requirements of Hajj. The mosque's location means that parts of it lie outside Arafat's
limits, and pilgrims are mindful of this when choosing their place of standing or sitting during the
day.
5. The Sermon of Arafah :
Delivery of the Sermon :
The Khutbah delivered at Masjid al-Nimrah during the Day of Arafah is broadcast
to pilgrims present in Arafat and worldwide through various media. This sermon is a time of deep
spiritual reflection and remembrance of Allah.
Themes of the Sermon :
The sermon often focuses on the unity of the Ummah, the importance of repentance,
and obedience to Allah. It encourages Muslims to uphold justice, mercy, and compassion, reflecting the
principles outlined in the Qur'an and Hadith.
6. Spiritual Lessons from Masjid al-Nimrah :
Unity and Brotherhood :
Masjid al-Nimrah, especially on the Day of Arafah, symbolizes the unity and
equality of the Muslim Ummah. Pilgrims from every corner of the world, regardless of their race,
ethnicity, or social status, gather together in a single place, dressed in simple ihram clothing,
showing their devotion to Allah.
Seeking Forgiveness :
The Day of Arafah is a time for seeking Allah’s forgiveness and making
supplications (dua). Standing at Arafat and praying in or near Masjid al-Nimrah offers pilgrims an
opportunity to purify their hearts and renew their intentions before Allah.
Reflection on Mortality and the Afterlife :
Arafat and the experience at Masjid al-Nimrah remind pilgrims
of the Day of Judgment, when all humanity will stand before Allah. This reflection encourages sincerity,
piety, and a commitment to leading a righteous life.
7. Architectural Features :
Minarets and Prayer Halls :
Masjid al-Nimrah features several minarets and a large prayer hall,
accommodating thousands of pilgrims at a time. The mosque's architecture combines traditional Islamic
elements with modern construction techniques to cater to the needs of the massive number of pilgrims.
Open Spaces :
The mosque has large open areas outside its main structure, allowing overflow space for
pilgrims who gather to listen to the Khutbah and perform their prayers. These open spaces are often
filled with worshippers during Hajj.
8. Practical Considerations for Pilgrims :
Attending the Khutbah :
While attending the Khutbah at Masjid al-Nimrah is not obligatory, it is highly
recommended for pilgrims, as it follows the tradition of the Prophet. Pilgrims try to arrive early to
secure a spot within the mosque or nearby for the prayer and sermon.
Weather and Preparation :
The Day of Arafah falls in the hot summer months, so pilgrims attending Masjid
al-Nimrah should prepare for extreme heat by carrying water, umbrellas, and sunscreen to stay hydrated
and protected from the sun.
9. Spiritual Reflections on Masjid al-Nimrah :
Legacy of the Prophet’s Message :
The Farewell Sermon delivered by the Prophet Muhammad at Arafat is
regarded as a timeless message that emphasized human rights, justice, equality, and adherence to the
Qur'an and Sunnah. Pilgrims visiting Masjid al-Nimrah during Hajj often reflect on the profound
teachings of this sermon.
onnecting with the Past :
Standing in the same area where the Prophet stood and delivered his message
allows pilgrims to feel a direct connection to Islamic history. It serves as a reminder of the enduring
values of Islam and the Prophet's call for unity and mutual respect among Muslims.
Masjid al-Nimrah remains a symbol of the spiritual peak of the Hajj experience, bringing together
millions of Muslims from around the world in a profound act of worship and reflection. It is a place
where the rich heritage of Islamic tradition is honored, and the universal values of Islam are
reaffirmed each year during the Day of Arafah.
